Software Development

Posts Tagged ‘Software Development Life Cycle’

Software development process

A software development process is a structure imposed on the development of a software product.

Process being a fundamental tool for carrying out community consensus and facilitating very large

number of people to work together on a collaborative project. On the assumption and subject to endless debate that a methodical approach to software development results in fewer defects and, therefore, ultimately provides shorter delivery time and better value. The necessity of selecting and following a formal process for software development is to provide desired discipline to deliver a quality product for business success and to avoid wastage of time, money, demoralization in developers etc.

We all know that computers and software are a part of our existence – educational, professional and

personal too, they have made our lives easy and accurate from retail market to rocket science. Hence, software is no longer programming for an individual interest or for the sake of that, software is no more just a program to be executed for performing a task but an interaction of the programs, data-structure and documentation and is a complex structure to develop, test and maintain.

Modern software products are accurate, faster, and cost effective; they have many other synonyms because they are engineered under the selected formal techniques to improve the quality of the product of a software development effort.

Software Development life cycle faces a lot of challenges during each phase, the biggest challenge will be from where to start. Worst situations will be starting a project with new employees, who don’t have domain expertise, unproven technology and that too with a challenging deadline. Along with technical

challenges any situation might hinder a software development plan and put management in a risky and

terrible crisis, which not tackled well this situation might lead to – products overshooting both cost and time estimations but still ending-up in poor quality. They do not meet requirement specifications as defined by consumer and finally, lead to a business failure.

The basic challenges for software industry, which are most deserving of serious attention in the immediate future include to:

1. Create the new logic for problem solving based on open-ended programming environments for high performance computer systems

2. Develop a formal methodology that guides us toward the construction of correct and portable

parallel programs, and adopt an openness to radical and innovative alternatives

3. Design a programming language that incorporates a unifying intuitive model of parallel computation, and which provides a coherent vehicle for the natural description of parallel programs

4. Devise and construct software tools that resonate with the methodology and facilitate a flexible, supportive environment

5. Introduce widely available, substantial educational opportunities in parallel programming that will create a pool of individuals with the experience and intuition necessary to work effectively in this setting.

Above mentioned points are according to the Study of University IOWA.

Why Software Standards are required for software development and what are they.

In the early years of software industry, people with a formal methods background from other segments of the business criticized the same for software projects. They argued and said informal methods were generally more useful and fast resulting than the formal methods. In practice it seems that informality is an advantage.

But as software development increased in complexity and size, informalities proved to be major reason for failure. It was impossible to manage when work got distributed in many teams, they could not match and integrate each individual with a team because of different assumptions and different methods of developments. Thus need for standards and processes for software development. So people started putting them in place as per their experience in their fields.

Today they are many standards available for software industry. A software development project or firm can chose the one that fits their needs for success and can get their firm certified but at some cost.

Many of these standards are from the defense industry particularly in the US which requires a rating based on the process models to obtain contracts.

Some few such standards are discussed below –

ISO 12207 – is an international standard for describing the method of selecting, implementing and monitoring a life cycle for software.

Capability Maturity Model CMM – This is another leading model which independently assesses and grades organizations on how well they follow their defined processes, not on the quality of those processes or the software produced. CMM is gradually being replaced by CMMI.

ISO 9000 describes standards for formally organizing processes with documentation.

ISO 15504, also known as Software Process Improvement Capability Determination (SPICE), is a

“framework for the assessment of software processes”. This standard is aimed at setting out a clear model for process comparison. SPICE is used much like CMM and CMMI. It models processes to manage, control, guide and monitor software development. This model is then used to measure what a development organization or project team actually does during software development. This information is analyzed to identify weaknesses and drive improvement. It also identifies strengths that can be continued or integrated into common practice for that organization or team.

Six Sigma is a methodology to manage process variations that uses data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company’s operational performance. It works by identifying and eliminating defects in manufacturing and service-related processes. The maximum permissible defect is 3.4 per one million opportunities. However, Six Sigma is manufacturing-oriented and needs further research on its relevance to software development.

Software development life cycle is the process adopted and followed during the development of software. There are various stages in a software development cycle



Analysis

The first stage involves an analysis of the software and the type of technology it is. Is it similar to the previous software or has a different application added to it. Understanding of the concept of the software is very important for completely analyzing the software.



Designing

Designing in software development life cycle involves architectural representation of the software. The architectural representation of the software ensures that the end product successfully meets the requirements in the future.



Implementation

This is the stage where software engineers start programming the code.



Testing

This stage entails checking the software developed and detecting any bug at the earliest phase possible.



Deployment

The code is released for the usage of the client after it has been tested thoroughly by the developers.



Maintenance

Proper maintenance of the software is important to ensure that no unwanted issue crops up. A company should hire experts who can fix the problem related to the software immediately for its smooth running.

Software development is a complicated process that requires proper planning, implementation and testing before the end product is handed over to the client. Constantly checking the software development life cycle is essential for its proper functioning. Software development life cycle is important, as it provides a plan to combine various aspects of software development.

The process of software development has undergone drastic changes over the years. Earlier it required only a developer writing the code of the software, however, today it has become complex and involves architects, analysts, programmers, testers and users who work cohesively to create codes. These factors have made software development life cycle an important part in building a product and its absence or failure has resulted in lack of the product’s performance to a great extent.

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